You’d be forgiven for thinking that a microscope would be essential to explore the intricate 3D structure of a pollen grain. Well, how about climbing on top of it and exploring it by hand instead? Confused? Please read on.
If you’ve visited this site before then, chances are, you’ll be aware that I enjoy ‘noodling around with pollen’ : ) Over the last seven years, the Bioimaging hub has developed and refined methodology that permits 3D printing and both virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR, respectively) visualization of microscopic samples such as pollen grains for use in educational and immersive learning experiences. A direct offshoot of this work has been the development of what is currently the largest online repository of 3D pollen grain models worldwide. To date, I have curated over 170 published, DOI-referenced 3D pollen models from over 150 species of plant which can be downloaded free, for non-commercial usage, via the Bioimaging Hub’s 3D Pollen Library Collection on the NIH3D website. You can read more about the evolution of this resource in the links below (including a recent article I have written for the Royal Microscopical Society In Focus magazine, December edition – to follow).
Recently, the project took another interesting and unexpected evolutionary turn. I was contacted by Finnish visual artist and film maker, Saara Ekström, who pitched to me an amazing idea for a collaboration: gigantifying some of our 3D pollen models as public art sculptures for an elementary school in Helsinki, Finland. The plan was to cast the sculptures in coloured eco-friendly natural concrete at a range of sizes between 0.7 and 2 metres to create a magical ‘Alice in Wonderland’ outdoor learning environment for the children, helping to raise their awareness of the unseen, natural world and fostering an understanding of ‘one of nature’s smallest and most essential components’. An absolutely wonderful idea!
As part of the project, a protected piece of old-growth forest, purchased from the Finnish Natural Heritage Foundation, will be presented as a gift to the School, thus preserving something that is vitally important to future generations of children and linking the pollen sculptures to this natural ecosystem. Having kids of my own (and ever mindful of the ongoing environmental crisis) I was delighted to support Saara’s ambitious project. The thought that pollen grains from flowers in my back garden would be reproduced as two metre concrete megaliths nearly two thousand miles away in Helsinki was also simply irresistible! Stonehenge, nothing ; )
Saara identified four pollen species of interest from our collection: blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea); common thyme (Thymus vulgaris); black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and common ragweed (Ambrosia sp.) which exhibited strikingly different morphologies and surface ornamentation (see below). Some of the more spiky and ornate pollen grain species (e.g. common daisy, Bellis perennis) in our collection were deliberately avoided since the children would have to be able to climb on them safely without risk of impalement!
So how does one create a gigantic concrete sculpture of a microscopic pollen grain? Well, this was one of the first things I asked Saara, who was more than happy to explain the steps involved. First, our 3D pollen meshes are downloaded from the NIH3D website and scaled up into virtual models of the sculptures using CAD software, taking care to retain as much surface detail as possible (see below). The pollen grain mesh is also truncated in order to form a flat, stable base (we wouldn’t want them to accidentally roll onto someone’s foot, after all!)
The meshes are then used to program a tool that mechanically carves a negative form of the 3D models into large, high density styrofoam blocks to create the complementary halves of the casting moulds, as shown below.
Once the moulds are created, steel reinforcement is incorporated into the cavity to add structural strength to the sculpture. Coloured eco-friendly natural concrete is then cast, using different coloured pigments for each pollen species. Once the concrete has cured, the moulds are removed and (in the words of Saara) ‘Volia, a microscopic pollen grain has grown to nearly monumental proportions!’
The concrete sculptures are then hand finished and a coloured protective coating is added before they are moved to their final destination, the Kallio primary school in Helsinki. At the site they are carefully lowered into place by crane. Rubber protective matting is then installed around each sculpture.
As the winters are long and dark in Finland, customised mood lighting will illuminate the sculptures creating a warm and inviting ambience, as depicted in the concept art above. I think it is fair to say that Saara, has done an absolutely monumental job!
The pollen sculptures were commissioned by the City of Helsinki and will be administered by the Helsinki Art Museum who are responsible for all the city’s public art collection.
AJH 25/09/2024
Addendum
Following installation of Saara’s pollen sculptures, I thought it might be a good idea to provide Kallio primary school with 3D printed models of the same species of pollen so that they could be used as learning resources for their science classes. Although nowhere near as impressive as Saara’s mighty megaliths, the 3D prints can be held and examined by hand for kinaesthetic (i.e. tactile) learning experiences by the children.
The 3D printed model were supplied with laminated information sheets including the common name of each pollen species in English, Welsh and, of course, Finnish, and a QR code to their respective digital 3D mesh on NIH3D.
We hope they go down well.
AJH 25/11/2024
Further reading
- IN FOCUS: Bigging it up: 3D printing to change the shape of microscopy (February, 2016).
- IN FOCUS: Development of a 3D printed pollen reference collection (August, 2016)
- IN FOCUS: 3D Pollen prints not to be sniffed at: printing pollen for the met office (July, 2017).
- IN FOCUS: Immersive Microscopy: 3D visualisation and manipulation of microscopic samples through virtual reality (February, 2019)
- IN FOCUS: Plastic fantastic: making pollen models for the National Botanic Garden of Wales.(October, 2019)
- IN FOCUS: AR Palynology: probing the reality of nature/nature of reality (November, 2022)
- THE 3D POLLEN LIBRARY: from humble beginnings to the largest online collection of morphologically-accurate 3D printable pollen models.
- IN FOCUS: The ‘3D Pollen Library’: An Update.
- Perry, I., Szeto, J-Y., Isaacs, M.D., Gealy, E.C., Rose, R., Scofield, S., Watson, P.D., Hayes, A.J. (2017) Production of 3D printed scale models from microscope volume datasets for use in STEM education. EMS Engineering Science Journal. 1 (1): 002