Mae’r cysyniad y gallai fod gan glefydau seiciatrig fel iselder a sgitsoffrenia elfen im\u00edwn yn dyddio’n \u00f4l o leiaf 40 mlynedd, gydag astudiaethau niferus yn darparu tystiolaeth sy’n cysylltu’r system im\u00edwn ac adweithiau hunanim\u00edwn mewn o leiaf rhai cleifion \u00e2’r clefydau hyn. Cafwyd adroddiadau am amrywiol “gwrthgyrff gwrth-gelloedd ymenyddol” ond hyd yma nid oes dealltwriaeth glir o ba hunan-wrthgyrff sy’n nodweddiadol o glefydau seiciatrig a sut mae ymgysylltu \u00e2’u targedau’n achosi afiechyd.<\/p>\n
Yn y rhifyn cyfredol o Lancet Psychiatry, mae Lennox a’i chydweithwyr<\/a> yn disgrifio chwilio am hunan-wrthgyrff penodol i gelloedd niwronaidd mewn cleifion ag episod cyntaf o seicosis. Manteisiwyd ar banel o brofion celloedd byw a ddatblygwyd yn Rhydychen i fynd ati’n benodol i ddatgelu hunan-wrthgyrff yn erbyn proteinau arwyneb niwronaidd cymhleth. Dim ond un prawf yn y panel oedd yn dangos gwahaniaethau rhwng cleifion a rheolyddion iach – canfuwyd gwrthgyrff yn erbyn y derbynnydd N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDAR) mewn 3% o’r rheini oedd yn cyflwyno gyda seicosis, ond dim un yn y rheolyddion. Nid oedd gwahaniaeth amlwg o ran clefyd rhwng y rheini yr oedd ganddynt wrthgyrff gwrth-NMADR a’r rheini oedd hebddynt.<\/p>\n Mae NMADR yn dderbynnydd pwysig ar gyfer gweithrediad niwronaidd normal, gan chwarae rhan allweddol mewn nifer o weithgareddau pwysig gan gynnwys dysgu a chof. Mae hunan-wrthgyrff yn erbyn NMADR wedi’u disgrifio o’r blaen mewn perthynas \u00e2 chlefydau eraill yr ymennydd, yn benodol enceffalitis, ac wedi\u2019u cysylltu \u00e2 phroses y clefyd. Mae dangos bod gan is-set o gleifion sy’n cyflwyno gyda seicosis hunan-wrthgyrff gwrth-NMADR yn cefnogi’r cysyniad bod o leiaf rhai achosion o seicosis yn cynrychioli ymosodiad hunanim\u00edwn ar gelloedd yr ymennydd. Mae’r canfyddiad yn awgrymu’r posibilrwydd o drin “seicosis hunanim\u00edwn” mewn ffyrdd a ddefnyddir ar hyn o bryd ar gyfer clefydau hunanim\u00edwn eraill – drwy dargedu’r hunan-wrthgyrff a’r celloedd im\u00edwn sy’n gyfrifol.<\/p>\n Mae’r gwaith hwn yn gam cyffrous at sicrhau haeniad biolegol ar gyfer anhwylderau seiciatrig ac yn arwyddo’r ffordd at driniaethau newydd ar sail im\u00edwn i rai cleifion. Cyn bwrw iddi gyda therap\u00efau sy’n dileu gwrthgyrff neu abladu celloedd im\u00edwn, mae’n glir bod angen ailadrodd yr astudiaeth hon mewn grwpiau eraill (mwy) o gleifion ac ehangu’r ystod o hunan-wrthgyrff y sgrinnir amdanynt. Serch hynny, mae’r gwaith yn codi’r posibilrwydd y bydd profion sgrinio am hunan-wrthgyrff yn golygu y bydd modd canfod cyfran o gleifion seicosis cynnar sy’n addas i gael ymyriadau o’r fath – o’r diwedd, therapi sy’n mynd i’r afael ag achos clefyd seiciatrig.<\/p>\n Mae Jeremy Hall<\/a> a Paul Morgan<\/a> yn Gyd-Gyfarwyddwyr Canolfan newydd Hodge ar gyfer Imiwnoleg Niwroseiciatrig<\/a>, canolfan ymchwil sydd wedi’i gwreiddio mewn dau Sefydliad Ymchwil ym Mhrifysgol Caerdydd sy’n ceisio canfod cysylltiadau rhwng imiwnedd\/llid a chlefydau seiciatrig.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mae'r cysyniad y gallai fod gan glefydau seiciatrig fel iselder a sgitsoffrenia elfen im\u00edwn yn dyddio'n \u00f4l o leiaf 40 mlynedd, gydag astudiaethau niferus yn darparu tystiolaeth sy'n cysylltu'r system […]","protected":false},"author":1160,"featured_media":921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[32,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diagnosis-triniaethau-a-lles","category-iechyd-meddwl-oedolion"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7swiU-eO","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1120,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/y-system-imiwnedd-ar-ymennydd-cyflenwi-neu-ddamwain\/","url_meta":{"origin":918,"position":0},"title":"Y system imiwnedd a’r ymennydd: cyflenwi neu ddamwain?","author":"Laura Westacott","date":"12 April 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Rhagdybiwyd ers amser hir mai unig bwrpas y system imiwnedd yw amddiffyn y corff rhag heintiau. Fodd bynnag, mae ymchwil bellach yn dangos bod y system imiwnedd yn gwneud llawer mwy na hynny.\u00a0 Yn wir, mae'n eithriadol o alluog wrth wneud llawer o bethau ar yr un pryd.\u00a0 Mae'r dyletswyddau\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Iechyd meddwl oedolion"","block_context":{"text":"Iechyd meddwl oedolion","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/category\/iechyd-meddwl-oedolion\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/04\/Type-1-and-2a-cells.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/04\/Type-1-and-2a-cells.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/04\/Type-1-and-2a-cells.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/04\/Type-1-and-2a-cells.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/04\/Type-1-and-2a-cells.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1339,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/gwella-iechyd-meddwl-a-lles-plant-a-phobl-ifanc\/","url_meta":{"origin":918,"position":1},"title":"Gwella iechyd meddwl a lles plant a phobl ifanc","author":"Dr Rhiannon Evans","date":"17 October 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Dr Rhiannon Evans, Uwch-ddarlithydd, DECIPHer, Ysgol y Gwyddorau Cymdeithasol, Prifysgol Caerdydd. Michelle Hughes, Nyrs Arbenigol CAMHS, Bwrdd Iechyd Prifysgol Cwm Taf Mae iechyd meddwl a lles plant a phobl ifanc yn parhau'n fater o bwysigrwydd mawr ym maes iechyd cyhoeddus. Mae llawer o broblemau'n ymddangos yn ystod glasoed, gyda 50%\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Iechyd ac Iechyd Meddwl"","block_context":{"text":"Iechyd ac Iechyd Meddwl","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/category\/iechyd-ac-iechyd-meddwl\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/10\/GettyImages-540592232.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/10\/GettyImages-540592232.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/10\/GettyImages-540592232.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/10\/GettyImages-540592232.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/10\/GettyImages-540592232.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/10\/GettyImages-540592232.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1166,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/sgitsoffrenia-o-gelloedd-newydd-yn-yr-ymennydd-ir-system-imiwnedd\/","url_meta":{"origin":918,"position":2},"title":"Sgitsoffrenia: o gelloedd newydd yn yr ymennydd i’r system imiwnedd","author":"Niels Haan","date":"8 June 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Nid ydym yn gwybod rhyw lawer p hyd am un o'r clefydau seiciatrig mwyaf cyffredin \u2013 sgitsoffrenia. Fodd bynnag, mae fy ymchwil i, ac ymchwil llawer o bobl eraill, yn dangos bod niwrogenesis (ffurfiant niwronau eraill) a'r system imiwnedd yn rhan o'r cyflwr heriol hwn. Risg genetig ar gyfer sgitsoffrenia\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Iechyd meddwl oedolion"","block_context":{"text":"Iechyd meddwl oedolion","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/category\/iechyd-meddwl-oedolion\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/06\/Hippocampal-stem-cells-which-generate-new-neurons-growing-in-a-dish-in-the-lab.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/06\/Hippocampal-stem-cells-which-generate-new-neurons-growing-in-a-dish-in-the-lab.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/06\/Hippocampal-stem-cells-which-generate-new-neurons-growing-in-a-dish-in-the-lab.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/06\/Hippocampal-stem-cells-which-generate-new-neurons-growing-in-a-dish-in-the-lab.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2017\/06\/Hippocampal-stem-cells-which-generate-new-neurons-growing-in-a-dish-in-the-lab.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":766,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/menywod-yn-debygol-o-gael-anhwylderau-iechyd-meddwl-cyffredin\/","url_meta":{"origin":918,"position":3},"title":"Menywod yn debygol o gael anhwylderau iechyd meddwl cyffredin","author":"Dr Nicola Evans","date":"10 October 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Fel nyrs iechyd meddwl sy'n teimlo'n gryf ynghylch iechyd a lles pobl ifanc, trist iawn oedd darllen am y perygl cynyddol i fenywod ifanc yn \u00f4l Arolwg Morbidrwydd Seiciatrig 2014 Iechyd Meddwl a Lles yn Lloegr. Dyma'r pedwerydd Arolwg Morbidrwydd Seiciatrig Oedolion (APMS) sydd wedi'i gynnal i weld faint o\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Iechyd meddwl oedolion"","block_context":{"text":"Iechyd meddwl oedolion","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/category\/iechyd-meddwl-oedolion\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Young-women-at-risk.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Young-women-at-risk.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Young-women-at-risk.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Young-women-at-risk.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":573,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/beth-mae-niwrowyddoniaeth-wedi-ei-wneud-dros-seiciatreg-erioed\/","url_meta":{"origin":918,"position":4},"title":"Beth mae niwrowyddoniaeth wedi ei wneud dros seiciatreg erioed?","author":"Professor Jeremy Hall","date":"14 July 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Mae gan seiciatreg broblem. 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Beth,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Diagnosis, triniaethau a lles"","block_context":{"text":"Diagnosis, triniaethau a lles","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/category\/diagnosis-triniaethau-a-lles\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/07\/Modern-examination-in-the-hospital-Edit.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/07\/Modern-examination-in-the-hospital-Edit.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/07\/Modern-examination-in-the-hospital-Edit.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/07\/Modern-examination-in-the-hospital-Edit.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/07\/Modern-examination-in-the-hospital-Edit.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/07\/Modern-examination-in-the-hospital-Edit.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":806,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/sgitsoffrenia-a-pharadocsau-mewnwelediad\/","url_meta":{"origin":918,"position":5},"title":"Sgitsoffrenia a pharadocsau mewnwelediad","author":"Clara Humpston","date":"27 October 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Pan feddyliwn am symptomau sgitsoffrenia, mae'n bosibl mai'r enghreifftiau cyntaf sy'n dod i'r meddwl yw meddyliau anhrefnus, amheuon annymunol a lleisiau anweledig sy'n poenydio'r dioddefwr. Dyma, yn wir, yw arwyddion mwyaf trawiadol seicosis ac\u00edwt - rhithdybiau, rhithweledigaethau ac anhwylder meddwl - ond fel yr ysgrifennais i rai misoedd yn \u00f4l,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Iechyd meddwl oedolion"","block_context":{"text":"Iechyd meddwl oedolion","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/cy\/category\/iechyd-meddwl-oedolion\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Blurred-image-of-two-faces.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Blurred-image-of-two-faces.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Blurred-image-of-two-faces.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Blurred-image-of-two-faces.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Blurred-image-of-two-faces.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/10\/Blurred-image-of-two-faces.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"meta_box":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/502\/2016\/12\/Brain-scan.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1160"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=918"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":927,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/918\/revisions\/927"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/mental-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}