{"id":2128,"date":"2020-07-20T11:56:25","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T10:56:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/?p=2128"},"modified":"2020-07-21T12:09:15","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T11:09:15","slug":"y-bwlch-cyflog-rhwng-y-rhywiau-beth-allwn-ni-ei-ddysgu-gan-ogledd-iwerddon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/cy\/y-bwlch-cyflog-rhwng-y-rhywiau-beth-allwn-ni-ei-ddysgu-gan-ogledd-iwerddon\/","title":{"rendered":"Y Bwlch Cyflog rhwng y Rhywiau: Beth allwn ni ei ddysgu gan Ogledd Iwerddon?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-170x96.jpg 170w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-70x40.jpg 70w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-270x152.jpg 270w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-570x320.jpg 570w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-670x376.jpg 670w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-770x433.jpg 770w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-870x489.jpg 870w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland-970x545.jpg 970w, https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yn ein herthygl ddiweddaraf, mae\u2019r Athro Melanie Jones a Dr Ezgi Kaya yn adlewyrchu ar eu <a href=\"http:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/dp13318.pdf\">papur trafod IZA newydd<\/a> ar y bwlch cyflog rhwng y rhywiau yng Ngogledd Iwerddon.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mae prif ffigurau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/employmentandlabourmarket\/peopleinwork\/earningsandworkinghours\/bulletins\/genderpaygapintheuk\/2018\">Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol y DU<\/a> yn dangos bod y bwlch cyflog rhwng y rhywiau yng Ngogledd Iwerddon yn\nllawer culach nag yng ngweddill y DU. Mae ein dadansoddiad yn canolbwyntio ar\nddeall ac egluro&#8217;r rhesymau dros y gwahaniaeth rhyfeddol hwn o ystyried yr\namgylchedd cymdeithasol, economaidd a pholisi cymharol debyg. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gan ddefnyddio gwybodaeth o\narolwg a gynhaliwyd ar raddfa fawr yn ddiweddar sy&#8217;n casglu gwybodaeth gymharol\nar draws cartrefi yn y DU, gwelwn fod y bwlch cyflog cymedrig rhwng y rhywiau\nar gyfer gweithwyr llawn amser yng Ngogledd Iwerddon, sef 5 y cant, tua thraean\no&#8217;r bwlch cyfatebol o 16 y cant yng ngweddill y DU, ac mae&#8217;n gulach nag yn holl\nranbarthau eraill y DU. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rydym ni\u2019n canfod bod\nnodweddion unigol eraill fel addysg, a nodweddion cysylltiedig \u00e2 swydd fel\ngalwedigaeth, yn allweddol wrth egluro&#8217;r bwlch cyflog culach rhwng y rhywiau\nyng Ngogledd Iwerddon. Hynny yw, o gymharu \u00e2 dynion, mae gan fenywod\ngymwysterau uwch ac maent yn gweithio mewn galwedigaethau sy\u2019n talu fwy, sy\u2019n\nculhau\u2019r bwlch cyflog rhwng y rhywiau. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nid oes tystiolaeth bod\ndylanwad diffyg cydraddoldeb cyflog rhwng y rhywiau, a fesurir ar \u00f4l cyfrif am\nwahaniaethau yn y nodweddion hyn, yn wahanol rhwng Gogledd Iwerddon a gweddill\ny DU. O&#8217;r herwydd, mae&#8217;r canfyddiadau&#8217;n atgyfnerthu&#8217;r gwahaniaeth critigol\nrhwng y bwlch cyflog rhwng y rhywiau a chydraddoldeb cyflog, sy&#8217;n arbennig o\nbwysig yng nghyd-destun polisi&#8217;r DU lle mae&#8217;n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/gender-pay-gap-reporting-overview\">ofynnol<\/a> i gwmn\u00efau adrodd am eu bwlch cyflog rhwng y rhywiau <em>yn unig<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cMae\u2019r neges o ddadansoddi Gogledd Iwerddon yn glir; nid yw\u2019r bwlch cyflog cul rhwng y rhywiau yn dystiolaeth o absenoldeb anghydraddoldeb cyflog.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mae ein dadansoddiad yn tynnu\nsylw at bwysigrwydd penodol galwedigaeth. Mae&#8217;r bwlch cyflog rhwng y rhywiau yng\nNgogledd Iwerddon yn is na gweddill y DU o ganlyniad i\u2019r ffaith fod crynodiad\nuwch o fenywod mewn galwedigaethau sy&#8217;n talu&#8217;n uwch yng Ngogledd Iwerddon ac\noherwydd bod yr enillion sy&#8217;n gysylltiedig \u00e2 gwahanol alwedigaethau yng\nNgogledd Iwerddon o fudd i fenywod o gymharu \u00e2 dynion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mae\u2019r ffaith fod y bwlch rhwng\nyr enillwyr uchaf ac isaf yng Ngogledd Iwerddon yn gulach na gweddill y DU\nhefyd yn gweithredu er budd menywod ac yn cael effaith gulhau bellach ar y\nbwlch cyflog rhwng y rhywiau. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Felly, mae ein dadansoddiad yn\ndangos, er gwaethaf y cyd-destun polisi a chymdeithasol tebycach, bod gan\nffactorau sydd wedi&#8217;u hen sefydlu i ddylanwadu ar y bwlch cyflog rhwng y\nrhywiau yn rhyngwladol r\u00f4l bwysig hefyd wrth achosi amrywiad sylweddol yn y DU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gallwch ddarllen rhagor am ein\nhymchwil Bwlch Cyflog rhwng y Rhywiau yng Ngogledd Iwerddon yn <a href=\"http:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/dp13318.pdf\">IZA \u2013 Sefydliad Economeg Llafur<\/a> neu ar y <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=3620633\">Rhwydwaith Ymchwil Gwyddorau Cymdeithasol<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hefyd, ym mis Tachwedd y\nllynedd, fe wnaethom ni ysgrifennu darn ar gyfer y blog hwn ar y <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/author\/sbsmj24\/\">Bwlch Cyflog rhwng y Rhywiau\nyn Sector Cyhoeddus y DU<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mae <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cardiff.ac.uk\/people\/view\/609410-jones-melanie\"><strong>Melanie Jones<\/strong><\/a><strong> yn Athro Economeg yn Ysgol\nBusnes Caerdydd.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mae <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cardiff.ac.uk\/people\/view\/609429-kaya-ezgi\"><strong>Dr Ezgi Kaya<\/strong><\/a><strong> yn Ddarlithydd mewn Economeg\nyn Ysgol Busnes Caerdydd.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Yn ein herthygl ddiweddaraf, mae\u2019r Athro Melanie Jones a Dr Ezgi Kaya yn adlewyrchu ar eu papur trafod IZA newydd ar y bwlch cyflog rhwng y rhywiau yng Ngogledd Iwerddon. [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":1752,"featured_media":2125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1186],"tags":[1595,1189,1594,1009,951,457,1591,1592,60,453,1593,474,1596],"class_list":["post-2128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bwlch-cyflog-rhwng-y-rhywiau","tag-anghydraddoldeb-cyflog","tag-bwlch-cyflog-rhwng-y-rhywiau","tag-cydraddoldeb-cyflog","tag-cymdeithas","tag-du","tag-economi","tag-gogledd-iwerddon","tag-iza-sefydliad-economeg-llafur","tag-llywodraeth-y-du","tag-polisi","tag-rhwydwaith-ymchwil-gwyddorau-cymdeithasol","tag-swyddfa-ystadegau-gwladol","tag-talu"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paOfaS-yk","meta_box":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/620\/2020\/07\/Stylised-map-of-Northern-Ireland.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1752"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2128"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2129,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128\/revisions\/2129"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/business-school\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}