{"id":6561,"date":"2026-09-08T09:27:07","date_gmt":"2026-09-08T08:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/?p=6561"},"modified":"2026-09-08T09:36:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T08:36:54","slug":"ymgorffori-addysg-gynhwysol-wrth-ddylunio-rhaglenni-a-modiwlau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/cy\/ymgorffori-addysg-gynhwysol-wrth-ddylunio-rhaglenni-a-modiwlau\/","title":{"rendered":"Ymgorffori Addysg Gynhwysol wrth Ddylunio Rhaglenni a Modiwlau"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Cyd-destun<\/h2>\n<p>Mae ymgorffori arferion addysg gynhwysol ar lefel rhaglenni a modiwlau yn ganolog i greu amgylcheddau dysgu teg lle gall pob myfyriwr ffynnu. Yn y byd addysg uwch yng ngwledydd Prydain, mae addysg gynhwysol yn cael ei deall fwyfwy nid fel &#8220;ychwanegiad&#8221;, ond fel dull rhagweithiol, bwriadol a rhagweledol o ddylunio rhaglenni, cwricwlwm ac asesiadau (Hockings, 2010; Stefani a Blessinger 2018). Yn hytrach na chanolbwyntio ar addasiadau unigol, mae dylunio cynhwysol yn ceisio cefnogi perthyn, a lleihau rhwystrau o&#8217;r cychwyn cyntaf, er mwyn creu profiadau dysgu sy&#8217;n cydnabod ac yn gwerthfawrogi amrywiaeth o ran hunaniaeth, cefndir a ffordd o ddysgu gwahanol fyfyrwyr. Mae\u2019r dulliau sy\u2019n deillio o Ddylunio Cyffredinol ar gyfer Dysgu (UDL) yn annog cynnig sawl ffordd i fyfyrwyr ymgysylltu, cymryd rhan a dangos dealltwriaeth.<\/p>\n<p>Gweler blogiau blaenorol yn y gyfres o flogiau Addysg Gynhwysol am ragor o wybodaeth am UDL a Pherthyn. Gweler hefyd yr adrannau perthnasol o&#8217;r tudalennau Cynhwysiant ar Becyn Cymorth Datblygu Addysg Caerdydd.<\/p>\n<h2>Gweithredu<\/h2>\n<p>Nid yw profiad byw ein myfyrwyr amrywiol yn digwydd ar lefel seminar na sesiwn, na chwaith yn ein huned o ystyriaeth fwyaf cyffredin, ar lefel modiwl. Mae myfyrwyr yn profi eu dysgu ar lefel rhaglen \u2013 profiad byw pob wythnos, a phob semester, wrth iddynt ddysgu ar draws modiwlau, trwy wahanol ddulliau o ddysgu a bod. Felly mae ymgorffori arferion addysg gynhwysol yn gofyn am feddwl yn fwriadol ar lefel rhaglen. Yn hytrach na gwneud newidiadau ynysig ar lefel modiwlau, mae timau rhaglenni&#8217;n gweithio ar y cyd i greu profiadau dysgu cydlynol, wedi&#8217;u sgaffaldio. Dyma ambell bwynt defnyddiol i\u2019ch helpu i ddechrau arni:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Dod i adnabod eich myfyrwyr gan ddefnyddio data a phersonas<\/strong>. Beth yw amrywiaeth eich myfyrwyr? Pa heriau sydd o ran recriwtio, cadw a chyrhaeddiad grwpiau sydd wedi&#8217;u hymyleiddio&#8217;n draddodiadol? Beth mae personas yn ei ddweud wrthych chi am brofiad bywyd grwpiau penodol o fyfyrwyr?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Archwilio strwythur y rhaglen:<\/strong> A yw deilliannau dysgu ac asesiadau wedi&#8217;u hysgrifennu&#8217;n gynhwysol, ac wedi&#8217;u trefnu mewn ffyrdd sy&#8217;n cefnogi pob myfyriwr i wneud cynnydd? A yw asesiadau amgen wedi&#8217;u cynllunio o&#8217;r cychwyn cyntaf, i alluogi myfyrwyr i ddangos safonau cymhwysedd craidd trwy ddulliau amgen? A oes rhagdybiaethau cudd am wybodaeth flaenorol neu ddisgwyliadau anhysbys o ymddygiad?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Cynnwys cwricwlwm mwy amrywiol:<\/strong> A yw enghreifftiau, rhestrau darllen ac astudiaethau achos yn adlewyrchu ystod ehangach o safbwyntiau ac yn herio \u201cstraeon sengl\u201d mewn disgyblaeth?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Ymgorffori asesiadau cynhwysol:<\/strong> A yw asesiadau wedi&#8217;u cynllunio i gynnig eglurder, dewis a dilysrwydd? A yw pwyntiau cyflwyno a dulliau asesu wedi&#8217;u mapio i osgoi clystyru diangen, gor-asesu a dibyniaeth ar ddull asesu penodol, fel traethodau ysgrifenedig?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Cryfhau cyfathrebu tryloyw<\/strong>: A yw disgwyliadau wedi&#8217;u cyfleu a&#8217;u trafod yn glir? A oes cyfleoedd cynnar ar gyfer deialog, gan helpu myfyrwyr i ddeall sut mae dysgu\u2019n datblygu ar draws modiwlau?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Cydweithio \u00e2 myfyrwyr:<\/strong> Ydych chi&#8217;n casglu safbwyntiau myfyrwyr i nodi rhwystrau nad ydynt bob amser yn weladwy i staff? A yw myfyrwyr yn ymgysylltu fel partneriaid, i adolygu deunyddiau, briffiau asesu a gweithgarwch dysgu?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Myfyrdodau \/ Beth sydd nesaf?<\/h2>\n<p>Fel addysgwyr, gallwn ystyried rhaglenni rydym yn gyfarwydd \u00e2 nhw a myfyrio ar y canlynol:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Ble mae myfyrwyr yn dod ar draws pwyntiau ffrithiant neu gymhlethdod diangen yn y rhaglen?<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Lleisiau pwy siapiodd ddyluniad y modiwlau, a lleisiau pwy sydd ar goll?<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Pa newidiadau bach, cynaliadwy a allai wneud y rhaglen yn fwy cynhwysol?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"post-6131 media-6131\" class=\"image align-none\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/286\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-02-26-103001.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"251\" height=\"330\" \/>Man cychwyn<\/h2>\n<p>I ysgogi syniadau, dyma ambell i gwestiwn i\u2019ch helpu i fyfyrio ar ddylunio rhaglenni cynhwysol yn eich cyd-destun eich hun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pa dybiaethau cudd (am wybodaeth flaenorol, diwylliant academaidd neu ffyrdd o ddysgu) a allai beri anfantais i rai myfyrwyr?<\/li>\n<li>Ble gellid adeiladu mwy o eglurder, dewis neu hyblygrwydd yn y rhaglen?<\/li>\n<li>Pa safbwyntiau, lleisiau neu enghreifftiau y gellid eu hychwanegu i amrywio eich rhaglen?<\/li>\n<li>Sut gallai myfyrwyr fod yn bartneriaid wrth adolygu neu siapio agweddau ar ddylunio?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cyfeirnodau <\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Stefani, L. and Blessinger, P. 2018.\u00a0Inclusive Leadership in Higher Education:<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0International Perspectives and Approaches<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Cyd-destun Mae ymgorffori arferion addysg gynhwysol ar lefel rhaglenni a modiwlau yn ganolog i greu amgylcheddau dysgu teg lle gall pob myfyriwr ffynnu. Yn y byd addysg uwch yng ngwledydd [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":7173,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1095],"tags":[],"custom_author":[1102],"class_list":["post-6561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-addysg-gynhwysol","custom_author-inclusive-education-team"],"lang":"cy","translations":{"cy":6561,"en":6555},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4KqgK-1HP","meta_box":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7173"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6561"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6562,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6561\/revisions\/6562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6561"},{"taxonomy":"custom_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cardiff.ac.uk\/LTAcademy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/custom_author?post=6561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}